Before executing customizing task you desire, point it and go to Edit-Display IMG Activity. Then mark activity.
Go to T.Code SE16 and type in CUS_IMGACH table. Execute. Paste IMG Activity and run.
You will see Tcode that belongs to IMG Activity.
The most frequently used transaction codes are as follows: 1. VS00 - Master data 2. VC00 - Sales Support 3. VA00 - Sales 4. VL00 - Shipping 5. VT00 - Transportation 6. VF00 - Billing
At Configuration: 1. VOV8 - Define Sales documents type (header) 2. OVAZ - Assigning Sales area to sales documents type 3. OVAU - Order reasons 4. VOV4 - Assign Item categories (Item cat determination) 5. VOV6 - Schedule line categories 6. OVAL - To assign blocks to relevant sales documents type 7. OVLK - Define delivery types 8. V/06 - Pricing 9. V/08 - Maintain pricing procedure 10.OVKP - Pricing proc determination 11.V/07 - Access sequence End-user: 1. Customer Master Creation-VD01 and XD01 (for full include company code) VD02 - Change Customer VD03 - Display Customer VD04 - Customer Account Changes VD06 - Flag for Deletion Customer XD01 - Create Customer XD02 - Modify Customer XD03 - Display Customer 2. Create Other material ----MM00 3. VB11- To create material determination condition record 4. CO09- Material availability Overview 5. VL01 - Create outbound delivery with ref sales order 6. VL04 - Collective processing of delivery 7. VA11 - Create Inquiry VA12 - Change Inquiry VA13 - Display Inquiry
Sales & Distribution Sales order / Quote / Sched Agreement / Contract • VA01 - Create Order • VA02 - Change Order • VA03 - Display Order • VA02 - Sales order change • VA05 - List of sales orders • VA32 - Scheduling agreement change • VA42 - Contract change • VA21 - Create Quotation • VA22 - Change Quotation • VA23 - Display Quotation
Billing • VF02 - Change billing document • VF11 - Cancel Billing document • VF04 - Billing due list • FBL5N - Display Customer invoices by line • FBL1N - Display Vendor invoices by line
Delivery • VL02N - Change delivery document • VL04 - Delivery due list • VKM5 - List of deliveries • VL06G - List of outbound deliveries for goods issue • VL06P - List of outbound deliveries for picking • VL09 - Cancel goods issue • VT02N - Change shipment • VT70 - Output for shipments General • VKM3, VKM4 - List of sales documents • VKM1 - List of blocked SD documents • VD52 - Material Determination
Listed here are the various ways you can find the list of transaction codes and their usage:
Use transaction SE11 - ABAP Dictionary:
Fill in the Database table name and click the Display button.
- TSTC table will contain all the Tcodes and - TSTCT table will contain all the Tcodes with Texts.
Once you entered the screen, click in Top Menu - Utilities - Table contents - Display
If you want to display all the transaction code (total - 57,048) you have to change the Fields: Maximum number of hits to 99999 (default 500).
or
Simply goto transaction SM01, although this tcode is to Lock/Unlock any transaction code, you can also view all the tcode available in the R/3 system from here.
or SE93 There are two ways where you can find the list of transaction codes in SE93.
Method 1: You must be familiar with the starting characters strings for each of the R/3 application modules. Assuming you know that most Materials Management transaction codes start with MM. In the Fields: Transaction code, type in MM* and press the function key F4 The list of transaction code starting with MM will be displayed.
Method 2: On the Top Menu, click Utilities - Find - Execute and the first 500 transaction will be display. If want to display all the tcodes, make sure you remembered to change the Fields: Maximum no. of hits right at the bottom of the screen. I know a particular T Code and can enter and work on it. How do I know what is the menu path for that T Code? Enter Search_SAP_Menu in the command box and when the pop box appears enter, the Tcode and it will give the nodes and menu path.
This is helpful only in case of SAP Menu not in case of SPRO - ie IMG.....
Error occur of the memory reference (Low Disk Space)
How to solve this?
This is the solution on how to remove the amvo.exe and to fix the folder option problem. Just follow this steps:
Uncheck amvo.exe from msconfig>> startup (type msconfig in run and click on the startup tab) also and restart your system
Click Start > Run and type REGEDIT Go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER > SOFTWARE > Microsoft > Windows > CurrentVersion > Explorer > Advanced On the right side, double click the hidden value and give it a value of 1. Same for HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE > SOFTWARE > Microsoft > Windows > CurrentVersion > Explorer > Advanced > Folder > Hidden > SHOW ALL Change the value of Checked Value to 1.
Check if your Folder Option if its working now. If it works! OK you are now ready to delete the Amvo.exe virus now. Go to your Folder Option and enable the show all the hidden files and you remove the following files if they are exist in the exact location or directory:
The System Volume Information Folders contain your System Restore points. You can delete all or just the oldest ones manually if you like (but they must be sequential). These folders are hidden system folders on each drive. In order to gain access, follow the directions below depending on your version of XP and File System:
Windows XP Professional or Windows XP Home Edition Using the FAT32 File System
Click Start , and then click My Computer
On the Tools menu, click Folder Options
On the View tab, click Show hidden files and folders
Clear the Hide protected operating system files (Recommended) check box
Click Yes when you are prompted to confirm the change
Click OK
Double-click the System Volume Information folder in the root folder to open it
Windows XP Professional Using the NTFS File System on a Domain
Click Start , and then click My Computer
On the Tools menu, click Folder Options
On the View tab, click Show hidden files and folders
Clear the Hide protected operating system files (Recommended) check box
Click Yes when you are prompted to confirm the change
Click OK
Right-click the System Volume Information folder in the root folder, and then click Sharing and Security
Click the Security tab
Click Add , and then type the name of the user to whom you want to give access to the folder. Choose the account location if appropriate (either local or from the domain). Typically, this is the account with which you are logged on. Click OK , and then click OK
Double-click the System Volume Information folder in the root folder to open it
Windows XP Professional using the NTFS File System on a Workgroup
Click Start , and then click My Computer
On the Tools menu, click Folder Options
On the View tab, click Show hidden files and folders
Clear the Hide protected operating system files (Recommended) check box. Click Yes when you are prompted to confirm the change
Clear the Use simple file sharing (Recommended) check box
Click OK
Right-click the System Volume Information folder in the root folder, and then click Sharing and Security
Click the Security tab
Click Add , and then type the name of the user to whom you want to give access to the folder. Typically, this is the account with which you are logged on. Click OK , and then click OK
Double-click the System Volume Information folder in the root folder to open it
Windows XP Home Edition Using the NTFS File System
In Windows XP Home Edition with the NTFS file system, you must use the Cacls tool, which is a command-line tool to display or modify file or folder access control lists (ACLs)
Click Start , click Run , type cmd , and then click OK
Make sure that you are in the root folder of the partition for which you want to gain access to the System Volume Information folder. For example, to gain access the the C:\System Volume Information folder, make sure that you are in the root folder of drive C (at a "C:\" prompt). To get to the root of any partition, make sure you are in that partition and then type "cd\" (without the quotation marks).
Make sure to type the quotation marks as indicated. Also, if your user name contains a space you'll need to put your username in quotes. This command adds the specified user to the folder with Full Control permissions
Double-click the System Volume Information folder in the root folder to open it
If you need to remove the permissions after troubleshooting, type the following line at a command prompt:
This tip will show you how to create an unattended disk cleanup which will also empty your prefetch folder. This tip assumes you have Windows XP installed in c:\windows.
Step 1. Create a new text file and place the following contents inside:
c:\windows\system32\cleanmgr.exe /dc /sageset: 1
c:
cd \
cd c:\windows\prefetch
del *.* /q
Step 2. Save the file, changing the extension from .txt to .bat
For this tip's purpose, we will call it clean.bat
Step 3. Execute the file. This will run the Disk Cleanup program in a special mode which asks what items you will want cleaned when Disk Cleanup performs an unattended cleanup. Check the items you wish to have cleaned up, then click OK.
Step 4. Right-click on the clean.bat file and click edit. Change the first line to read:
c:\windows\system32\cleanmgr.exe /dc /sagerun: 1
Step 5. Save the file. You can execute this file in place of running Disk Cleanup, or, to have this program run unattended, run the Add Scheduled Task Wizard in the Control Panel and create a scheduled task using the clean.bat file you just created.
Note:This cleanup script will also clear windows prefetch directory. Often this directory can become cluttered with old appication and a cleaning would free up disk space but it will result in a one time performance decrease and windows has to rebuild the cache with active software afterwards.
Basically, a VPN is a private network that uses a public network (usually the Internet) to connect remote sites or users together. Instead of using a dedicated, real-world connection such as leased line, a VPN uses "virtual" connections routed through the Internet from the company's private network to the remote site or employee. In this article, you will gain a fundamental understanding of VPNs, and learn about basic VPN components, technologies, tunneling and security.
What Makes a VPN?
A well-designed VPN can greatly benefit a company. For example, it can:
Extend geographic connectivity
Improve security
Reduce operational costs versus traditional WAN
Reduce transit time and transportation costs for remote users
Improve productivity
Simplify network topology
Provide global networking opportunities
Provide telecommuter support
Provide broadband networking compatibility
Provide faster ROI (return on investment) than traditional WAN
What features are needed in a well-designed VPN? It should incorporate:
Security
Reliability
Scalability
Network management
Policy management
There are three types of VPN. In the next couple of sections, we'll describe them in detail.
Remote-Access VPN
There are two common types of VPN. Remote-access, also called a virtual private dial-up network (VPDN), is a user-to-LAN connection used by a company that has employees who need to connect to the private network from various remote locations. Typically, a corporation that wishes to set up a large remote-access VPN will outsource to an enterprise service provider (ESP). The ESP sets up a network access server (NAS) and provides the remote users with desktop client software for their computers. The telecommuters can then dial a toll-free number to reach the NAS and use their VPN client software to access the corporate network.
A good example of a company that needs a remote-access VPN would be a large firm with hundreds of sales people in the field. Remote-access VPNs permit secure, encrypted connections between a company's private network and remote users through a third-party service provider.
Image Courtesy:Cisco Inc
Site-to-Site VPN
Through the use of dedicated equipment and large-scale encryption, a company can connect multiple fixed sites over a public network such as the Internet. Site-to-site VPNs can be one of two types:
Intranet-based - If a company has one or more remote locations that they wish to join in a single private network, they can create an intranet VPN to Connect LAN to LAN.
Extranet-based - When a company has a close relationship with another company (for example, a partner, supplier or customer), they can build an extranet VPN that connects LAN to LAN, and that allows all of the various companies to work in a shared environment.
Image Courtesy:Cisco Inc
VPN Security: Firewalls
A well-designed VPN uses several methods for keeping your connection and data secure:
Firewalls
Encryption
IPSec
AAA Server
In the following sections, we'll discuss each of these security methods. We'll start with the firewall.
A firewall provides a strong barrier between your private network and the Internet. You can set firewalls to restrict the number of open ports, what type of packets are passed through and which protocols are allowed through. Some VPN products, such as Cisco's 1700 routers, can be upgraded to include firewall capabilities by running the appropriate Cisco IOS on them. You should already have a good firewall in place before you implement a VPN, but a firewall can also be used to terminate the VPN sessions.
VPN Security: Encryption
Encryption is the process of taking all the data that one computer is sending to another and encoding it into a form that only the other computer will be able to decode. Most computer encryption systems belong in one of two categories:
Symmetric-key encryption
Public-key encryption
In symmetric-key encryption, each computer has a secret key (code) that it can use to encrypt a packet of information before it is sent over the network to another computer. Symmetric-key requires that you know which computers will be talking to each other so you can install the key on each one. Symmetric-key encryption is essentially the same as a secret code that each of the two computers must know in order to decode the information. The code provides the key to decoding the message. Think of it like this: You create a coded message to send to a friend in which each letter is substituted with the letter that is two down from it in the alphabet. So "A" becomes "C," and "B" becomes "D". You have already told a trusted friend that the code is "Shift by 2". Your friend gets the message and decodes it. Anyone else who sees the message will see only nonsense.
Public-key encryption uses a combination of a private key and a public key. The private key is known only to your computer, while the public key is given by your computer to any computer that wants to communicate securely with it. To decode an encrypted message, a computer must use the public key, provided by the originating computer, and its own private key. A very popular public-key encryption utility is called Pretty Good Privacy (PGP), which allows you to encrypt almost anything. You can find out more about PGP at the PGP site.
Internet Protocol Security Protocol (IPSec) provides enhanced security features such as better encryption algorithms and more comprehensive authentication.
IPSec has two encryption modes: tunnel and transport. Tunnel encrypts the header and the payload of each packet while transport only encrypts the payload. Only systems that are IPSec compliant can take advantage of this protocol. Also, all devices must use a common key and the firewalls of each network must have very similar security policies set up. IPSec can encrypt data between various devices, such as:
Router to router
Firewall to router
PC to router
PC to server
PN Security: AAA Servers
AAA (authentication, authorization and accounting) servers are used for more secure access in a remote-access VPN environment. When a request to establish a session comes in from a dial-up client, the request is proxied to the AAA server. AAA then checks the following:
Who you are (authentication)
What you are allowed to do (authorization)
What you actually do (accounting)
The accounting information is especially useful for tracking client use for security auditing, billing or reporting purposes.
VPN Technologies
Depending on the type of VPN (remote-access or site-to-site), you will need to put in place certain components to build your VPN. These might include:
Desktop software client for each remote user
Dedicated hardware such as a VPN concentrator or secure PIX firewall
Dedicated VPN server for dial-up services
NAS (network access server) used by service provider for remote-user VPN access
VPN network and policy-management center
Because there is no widely accepted standard for implementing a VPN, many companies have developed turn-key solutions on their own. In the next few sections, we'll discuss some of the solutions offered by Cisco, one of the most prevelant networking technology companies.
VPN Concentrator
Incorporating the most advanced encryption and authentication techniques available, Cisco VPN concentrators are built specifically for creating a remote-access VPN. They provide high availability, high performance and scalability and include components, called scalable encryption processing (SEP) modules, that enable users to easily increase capacity and throughput. The concentrators are offered in models suitable for everything from small businesses with up to 100 remote-access users to large organizations with up to 10,000 simultaneous remote users.
VPN-Optimized Router
Cisco's VPN-optimized routers provide scalability, routing, security and QoS (quality of service). Based on the Cisco IOS (Internet Operating System) software, there is a router suitable for every situation, from small-office/home-office (SOHO) access through central-site VPN aggregation, to large-scale enterprise needs.
Cisco Secure PIX Firewall
An amazing piece of technology, the PIX (private Internet exchange) firewall combines dynamic network address translation, proxy server, packet filtration, firewall and VPN capabilities in a single piece of hardware.
Instead of using Cisco IOS, this device has a highly streamlined OS that trades the ability to handle a variety of protocols for extreme robustness and performance by focusing on IP.
Tunneling
Most VPNs rely on tunneling to create a private network that reaches across the Internet. Essentially, tunneling is the process of placing an entire packet within another packet and sending it over a network. The protocol of the outer packet is understood by the network and both points, called tunnel interfaces, where the packet enters and exits the network.
Tunneling requires three different protocols:
Carrier protocol - The protocol used by the network that the information is traveling over
Encapsulating protocol - The protocol (GRE, IPSec, L2F, PPTP, L2TP) that is wrapped around the original data
Passenger protocol - The original data (IPX, NetBeui, IP) being carried
Tunneling has amazing implications for VPNs. For example, you can place a packet that uses a protocol not supported on the Internet (such as NetBeui) inside an IP packet and send it safely over the Internet. Or you could put a packet that uses a private (non-routable) IP address inside a packet that uses a globally unique IP address to extend a private network over the Internet.
.
Tunneling: Site-to-Site
In a site-to-site VPN, GRE (generic routing encapsulation) is normally the encapsulating protocol that provides the framework for how to package the passenger protocol for transport over the carrier protocol, which is typically IP-based. This includes information on what type of packet you are encapsulating and information about the connection between the client and server. Instead of GRE, IPSec in tunnel mode is sometimes used as the encapsulating protocol. IPSec works well on both remote-access and site-to-site VPNs. IPSec must be supported at both tunnel interfaces to use.
Tunneling: Remote-Access
In a remote-access VPN, tunneling normally takes place using PPP. Part of the TCP/IP stack, PPP is the carrier for other IP protocols when communicating over the network between the host computer and a remote system. Remote-access VPN tunneling relies on PPP.
Each of the protocols listed below were built using the basic structure of PPP and are used by remote-access VPNs.
L2F (Layer 2 Forwarding) - Developed by Cisco, L2F will use any authentication scheme supported by PPP.
PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) - PPTP was created by the PPTP Forum, a consortium which includes US Robotics, Microsoft, 3COM, Ascend and ECI Telematics. PPTP supports 40-bit and 128-bit encryption and will use any authentication scheme supported by PPP.
L2TP (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol) - L2TP is the product of a partnership between the members of the PPTP Forum, Cisco and the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force). Combining features of both PPTP and L2F, L2TP also fully supports IPSec.
L2TP can be used as a tunneling protocol for site-to-site VPNs as well as remote-access VPNs. In fact, L2TP can create a tunnel between:
